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1 εἰ
1εἰ (Hom.+)① marker of a condition, existing in fact or hypothetical, if (B-D-F §371f, neg. §428, 1; 2; Rob., indexes; JBoyer, Grace Theological Journal 2, ’81, 75–141, marker of a ‘simple, logical connection between protasis and apodosis’).ⓐ w. the indic.α. in all tenses, to express a condition thought of as real or to denote assumptions relating to what has already happened εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ if you really are the Son of God Mt 4:3; sim. 5:29f; 6:23; 8:31; Ac 5:39. εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ if you call yourself a Judean Ro 2:17. εἰ κατακαυχᾶσαι, οὐ σὺ βαστάζεις if you do boast, (remember) you do not support 11:18 al. In Paul the verb is freq. missing, and is to be supplied fr. the context: εἰ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν (sc. ἐστιν), τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρόν (sc. ἐστιν) 8:10. εἰ τέκνα (sc. ἐστέ) if you are children, then … vs. 17, εἰ χάριτι (γέγονεν), οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων 11:6 al. The negative in clauses where the reality of the condition is taken for granted is οὐ (earlier Gk. μή [for exception s. Goodwin p. 138f]; s. B-D-F §428, 1): εἰ οὐ δύναται τοῦτο παρελθεῖν Mt 26:42. εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἀφίετε Mk 11:25 [26] v.l. εἰ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε Lk 16:11f; εἰ οὐκ ἀκούουσιν vs. 31. εἰ οὐ φοβοῦμαι Lk 18:4; cp. J 5:47; 10:37; Ro 8:9; 11:21; 1 Cor 7:9; 9:2; 11:6; 15:13ff, 29, 32; 16:22 al. εἰ is rarely found w. the future εἰ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται Mt 26:33; Mk 14:29; εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα 2 Ti 2:12 (cp. Just., A I, 31, 6 εἰ μὴ ἀρνοῖντο Ἰησοῦν); εἰ ὑπομενεῖτε 1 Pt 2:20; εἰ καὶ οὐ δώσει (class. ἐὰν καὶ μὴ δῷ B-D-F §372, 3; Rob. 1012) Lk 11:8. W. aor., when events are regarded as having taken place Mt 24:22; Mk 3:26; 13:20.β. w. the pres., impf., aor., or plpf. indic. to express an unreal (contrary to fact) condition (B-D-F §360; 372; Rob. 1012ff). ἄν is usu. found in the apodosis (regularly in class.) εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σίδωνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, πάλαι ἂν μετενόησαν if the wonders had been done in T. and S., they would have repented long ago Mt 11:21. εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers 23:30. εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης if the master of the house had known 24:43 (cp. Just., A I, 12, 2 εἰ … ταῦτα ἐγίνωσκον; 18, 1 al.) εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν if he were a prophet, he would know Lk 7:39 al. The pres. indic. εἰ ἔχετε (v.l. εἴχετε) πίστιν … ἐλέγετε ἄν if you had faith … you would say Lk 17:6. Somet. ἄν is lacking in the apodosis (Polyaenus 2, 3, 5 εἰ ἐπεποιήκειμεν … νῦν ἐχρῆν=if we had done … it would have been necessary; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 16, 18 [II B.C.]; PRein I, 7 [II B.C.]; POxy 526, 10; 530, 8 and 17; Just., A I, 10, 6; 11:2 al.—PMelcher, De sermone Epict., diss. Halle 1905, 75; Mlt. 200f) εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ θεοῦ, οὐκ ἠδύνατο if this man were not from God, he would not have been able to … J 9:33. εἰ μὴ ἦλθον, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν if I had not come, they would not have sin 15:22; cp. vs. 24. W. the apodosis placed first Mk 9:42 (v.l. περιέκειτο), Lk 17:2; J 19:11.ⓑ εἰ w. subj., as καὶ εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 (s. 7 below), is unusual, perh. a textual error; B-D-F §372, 3 conjectures κἄν for καὶ εἰ. But εἰ w. subj. is found in the older poets and Hdt. (Kühner-G. II 474), in Aristoph., Equ. 698 et al., in var. dialects (EHermann, Griech. Forschungen I 1912, 277f) and in later times (e.g. Epict., Vett. Val., Lucian [ed. CJacobitz, Index graec. 473a]; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. p. 84, 28; 197, 9; ins [Rdm.2 199]; PRyl 234, 12; POxy 496, 11; Dt 8:5); B-D-F §372, 3; Mlt. 187; Reinhold 107; OSchulthess, AKaegi Festschr. 1919, 161f.ⓒ εἰ w. the optative is rare: εἰ καὶ πάσχοιτε … μακάριοι even if you should suffer, … you would be blessed 1 Pt 3:14. εἰ θέλοι (v.l. θέλει) τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ if it should be God’s will vs. 17. εἴ τι ἔχοιεν (sc. κατηγορεῖν; cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 εἰ … μηδὲν ἔχοι τις ἐλέγχειν) πρὸς ἐμέ if they should have any charges to bring against me Ac 24:19. εἰ δυνατὸν εἴη (Jos., Ant. 12, 12) if it should be possible 20:16 (but s. B-D-F §385, 2; Just., A II, 15, 2 εἰ δύναιντο). εἰ τύχοι is used as a formula (oft. in later wr., incl. Philo; s. KReik, D. Opt. bei Polyb. u. Philo 1907, 154; Just., A I, 27, 3) it may be, for example, perhaps 1 Cor 15:37; used to tone down an assertion which may be too bold 14:10 (Lucian, Icar. 6 καὶ πολλάκις, εἰ τύχοι, μηδὲ ὁπόσοι στάδιοι Μεγαρόθεν Ἀθήναζέ εἰσιν, ἀκριβῶς ἐπιστάμενοι ‘and many times, so it appears, not even knowing how many stades it is from Megara to Athens’).② marker of an indirect question as content, that (Kühner-G. II 369, 8; Rob. 965. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 67 §283 ἀγανακτέω εἰ=be exasperated that; Sir 23:14 θελήσεις εἰ μὴ ἐγεννήθης; 2 Macc 14:28; 4 Macc 2:1; 4:7. S. on θαυμάζω 1aγ) ἐθαύμασεν εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν he was surprised that he was already dead Mk 15:44a. μὴ θαυμάζετε εἰ μισεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ κόσμος do not wonder that the world hates you 1J 3:13; θαυμαζόντων …, εἰ τοσαύτη σπουδὴ ἦν τοῦ συλληφθῆναι that there was such interest in arresting MPol 7:2; AcPlCor 2:2 (cp. Just., A II, 8, 3 οὐδὲν … θαυμαστόν, εἰ). Sim. also (Procop. Soph., Ep. 123 χάριν ἔχειν εἰ=that) μαρτυρόμενος … εἰ παθητὸς ὁ Χριστός testifying … that the Christ was to suffer (s. πάσχω 3aα) Ac 26:23.—οὐ μέγα εἰ it is not surprising that 2 Cor 11:15 (cp. Aeschin., In Ctes. 94 ἐστὶ δεινὸν εἰ; Diod S 23, 15, 5, παράδοξον … εἰ=incredible … that; ibid. θαυμαστὸν εἰ; Gen 45:28 μέγα μοί ἐστιν εἰ).— That is also poss. after verbs of knowing or not knowing, e.g. J 9:25; Ac 19:2b; 1 Cor 1:16; 7:16; so CBurchard, ZNW 52, ’61, 73–82 but s. 5bα.③ marker in causal clauses, when an actual case is taken as a supposition, where we also can use if instead of since: εἰ τὸν χόρτον … ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν if God so clothes the grass Mt 6:30; Lk 12:28; cp. Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13; J 7:23; 10:35; 13:14, 17, 32; Ac 4:9; 11:17; Ro 6:8; 15:27; Col 2:20; Hb 7:15; 1 Pt 1:17; 1J 4:11.④ marker of strong or solemn assertion, without apodosis (=in aposiopesis; B-D-F §482; Rob. 1203) εἰ ἔγνως if you only knew Lk 19:42. εἰ βούλει παρενέγκαι if you would only let (this) pass 22:42 v.l. (cp. the letter fr. IV B.C. in Dssm., LO 120, note 5 [LAE 149]).—Hebraistic in oaths, like אִם: may this or that happen to me, if … (cp. 2 Km 3:25; GBuchanan, HTR 58, ’65, 319–24); this amounts to a strong negation certainly not (cp. Ps 7:4f; Gen 14:23) ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν εἰ δοθήσεται truly, I tell you, it will not be given Mk 8:12 (NColeman, JTS 28, 1927, 159–67 interprets this as strongly positive; against him FBurkitt, ibid. 274–76). εἰ εἰσελεύσονται they shall certainly not enter Hb 3:11; 4:3, 5 (all 3 Ps 94:11); B-D-F §372, 4; 454, 5; Mlt-H. 468f; Rob. 94; 1024.⑤ marker of direct and indirect questions (without particle following)ⓐ (not in earlier Gk., B-D-F §440, 3; Rob. 916) w. direct questions (Gen 17:17; 44:19; Am 3:3–6; 6:12; TestAbr A 15 p.96, 8 [Stone p. 40]; 18 p. 100, 13 [St. p. 48]): εἰ ἔξεστιν; is it permitted, may one? Mt 12:10; 19:3 (cp. Mk 10:2); Lk 14:3 v.l.; Ac 21:37; 22:25. εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σωζόμενοι; are there only a few who will be saved? Lk 13:23; cp. Mk 8:23; Lk 22:49; Ac 1:6; 7:1; 19:2a. Cp. 6aβ.ⓑ freq. in indir. questions whether (Hom. et al.)α. w. pres. indic. (Gen 27:21; 42:16; TestJob 31:1; Jos., Ant. 10, 259; 16, 225; Ar 8, 1; Just., A I, 2, 2; A II, 2, 10) εἴπῃς εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός whether you are the Christ Mt 26:63. εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν whether he is a sinner J 9:25; εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἔστιν whether there is a holy spirit Ac 19:2b (s. 2 above). ἴδωμεν εἰ ἔρχεται Mt 27:49; Mk 15:36 (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 20, 3 φέρʼ ἴδω εἰ=let me see whether, Merc. Cond. 6); cp. Mk 10:2; Lk 14:31; 1 Cor 3:12; 2 Cor 13:5; 1J 4:1.—W. the fut. indic. (4 Km 1:2; Job 5:1) εἰ θεραπεύσει αὐτόν whether he would heal him Mk 3:2 (v.l. θεραπεύει); Lk 6:7 v.l.; εἰ σώσεις whether you will save 1 Cor 7:16.—W. the aor. indic. (Esth 4:14; w. plpf. Just., D. 56, 2) εἰ πάλαι ἀπέθανεν whether he had already died Mk 15:44b; εἰ ἐβάπτισα 1 Cor 1:16.β. w. subj. διώκω εἰ καταλάβω I press on (to see) whether I can capture Phil 3:12 (B-D-F §368; 375; Rob. 1017).γ. w. opt. (X., An. 1, 8, 15; 2, 1, 15; 4 Macc 9:27; 11:13) ἀνακρίνοντες … εἰ ἔχοι ταῦτα examining … to see whether this was really so Ac 17:11. εἰ βούλοιτο πορεύεσθαι 25:20; cp. 17:27.⑥ In combination w. other particles, w. the other particles foll.ⓐ εἰ ἄραα. expressing possibility if, indeed; if, in fact; whether (perhaps) (X., An. 3, 2, 22; SIG 834, 12; Gen 18:3; s. B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 15:15 (εἴπερ ἄρα); Hv 3, 4, 3; 3, 7, 5; Hs 6, 4, 1; 8, 3, 3; 9, 5, 7; AcPt Ox 849, 6.β. introducing a direct question εἰ ἄρα ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; is it (really) so? Ac 7:1 v.l.; indirect qu. on the chance that (PPetr II, 13 [19] 9 ‘should you find it impossible’; Num 22:11) Mk 11:13; Ac 5:8 D; 8:22; in the hope that 17:27 (εἰ ἄρα γε); AcPt Ox 849, 2; 22. Cp. εἰ δέ … ; What if …? Ac 23:9.ⓑ εἴ γε if indeed, inasmuch as (Kühner-G. II 177c) Eph 3:2; 4:21; Col 1:23. τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ; εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ have you experienced so many things in vain? If it really was in vain Gal 3:4. εἴ γε καὶ ἐκδυσάμενοι οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα assuming, of course, that having put it off we shall not be found naked 2 Cor 5:3. [εἴ γ]ε οὕτως ὡς [ἔστιν καὶ παρελάβετε τὸν λόγον] AcPl BMM recto, 31f (restoration based on duplicate Ox 1602 verso, 37f and AcPl Ha 8, 24f, which has a slightly difft. text after εἴ γε [s. also the text of Ghent 62, 17 in HSanders, HTR 31, ’38, 79, n. 2]). S. γέ bα.ⓒ εἰ δὲ καί (Just., D. 110, 1) but if, and if Lk 11:18; 1 Cor 4:7; and even if 2 Cor 4:3 (but s. Lietzmann, Hdb.); 11:6. If, on the other hand, … then AcPlCor 2:28 (εἰ … δέ … καί … μή).ⓓ εἰ δὲ μή (γε) if not, otherwiseα. after affirmat. clauses, w. the aor. ind, and ἄν in the apodosis J 14:2; or pres. ind. (Demosth., Prooem. 29, 3) and fut. (Gen 30:1; Bel 29 Theod.; PLond 1912, 98) Rv 2:5, 16; or pres. impv. J 14:11.—εἰ δὲ μή γε (μήγε some edd.) otherwise (Pla. et al.; Epict. 3, 22, 27; Jos., Bell. 6, 120, Ant. 17, 113; Just., D. 105, 6; IGR IV, 833; POxy 1159, 6; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 167, 25; PGM 4, 2629; Da 3:15; Bel 8; TestSol 13:3 P): εἰ δὲ μή γε (sc. προσέχετε), μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε otherwise you have no reward Mt 6:1; cp. Lk 10:6. Elliptically: κἂν μὲν ποιήσῃ καρπὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον• εἰ δὲ μή γε, ἐκκόψεις αὐτήν who knows, it may bear fruit next year; if not, fine, then cut it down (= have it cut down) 13:9.β. after negat. clauses, otherwise (X., An. 7, 1, 8; Diod S 3, 47, 4; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 100; LBW 1651 μὴ ἀδικεῖν…, εἰ δὲ μή; UPZ 196 I, 33 [119 B.C.]; Job 32:22) Mk 2:21f.—After a negative statement: οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς. εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται people do not pour new wine into old skins; otherwise they burst Mt 9:17; cp. Lk 5:36. μή τίς με δόξῃ ἄφρονα εἶναι• εἰ δὲ μή γε, κἂν ὡς ἄφρονα δέχασθέ με no one is to consider me foolish; otherwise at least accept me as a fool 2 Cor 11:16.ⓔ εἰ καί even if, even though, although Lk 11:8; 18:4; 1 Cor 7:21; 2 Cor 4:16; 7:8; 12:11; Phil 2:17; Col 2:5; Hb 6:9; AcPlCor 2:32.ⓕ εἰ μὲν γάρ for if Ac 25:11 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν); 2 Cor 11:4; Hb 8:4 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν).ⓖ εἰ μὲν οὖν if, then Hb 7:11. W. εἰ δέ foll. (X., Cyr. 8, 7, 22; Ael. Aristid. 28, 156 K.=49 p. 542 D.) Ac 19:38.ⓗ εἰ μέντοι if, on the other hand Js 2:8.α. except, if not, mostly without a verb depending on εἰ μή (X., An. 2, 1, 12; JosAs 12:11; Just., A I, 29, 1) Mt 11:27; 12:24; 16:4; J 3:13; Ro 7:7; Gal 1:19 (HKoch, Z. Jakobusfrage Gal 1:19: ZNW 33, ’34, 204–9); but also with a verb (Jos., Ant. 8, 316) Mt 5:13; Mk 6:5; Ac 21:25 v.l.β. but (OGI 201, 20f οὐκ ἀφῶ αὐτοὺς καθεσθῆναι εἰς τὴν σκιάν, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ ἡλίου ἔξω; in note 33 the ed. gives exx. fr. Aristoph. for this use) without a verb Mt 12:4; w. a verb (Theod. Prodr. 7, 426 H.) Gal 1:7, s. ἄλλος 2b. For ἐκτὸς εἰ μή s. ἐκτός 3a.ⓙ εἰ μήτι unless indeed, unless perhaps (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 198 D.; Jos., Ant. 4, 280; Tat. 10, 2) Lk 9:13; 2 Cor 13:5; w. ἄν (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 4) 1 Cor 7:5 (s. Dssm., NB 32, 1 [BS 204 n.]; B-D-F §376; Mlt. 169; 239; Reinhold 35; JTrunk, De Basilio Magno sermonis Attic. imitatore 1911, 56; JWackernagel, Antike Anredeformen 1912, 27f).ⓚ εἰ οὖν if, therefore Mt 6:23; Lk 11:36; 12:26; J 13:14; 18:8; Col 3:1; Phlm 17.ⓛ εἴπερ if indeed, if after all, since (X., An. 1, 7, 9; Menand., Epitr. 907 S. [587 Kö.]; PHal 7, 6; UPZ 59, 29 [168 B.C.]; Jdth 6:9; TestJob 3:6; Just., Tat., Ath.) Ro 3:30 (ἐπείπερ v.l.); 8:9, 17; 2 Th 1:6.—if indeed, provided that εἴπερ ἄρα (ἄρα 1a) 1 Cor 15:15. καὶ γὰρ εἴπερ for even if (cp. Od. 1, 167; B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 8:5; on 2 Cor 5:3 s. εἴ γε καί 6b above. Doubtful IEph 6:2; s. ἤ 2aβ.ⓜ if perchance, if haply εἰ δέ που … τις ἔλθοι if perchance … anyone came Papias (2:4).ⓝ εἴ πως (the spelling εἴπως is also correct; B-D-F §12) if perhaps, if somehowα. w. opt. (X., An. 2, 5, 2; 4, 1, 21; POxy 939, 15) εἴ πως δύναιντο παραχειμάσαι in the hope that they could spend the winter Ac 27:12.β. w. fut. indic. (3 Km 21:31; 4 Km 19:4; Jer 28:8; TestJos 6:6) εἴ πως εὐοδωθήσομαι whether, perhaps, I shall succeed Ro 1:10; cp. 11:14; Phil 3:11.ⓞ εἴτε … εἴτε (Soph. et al.; ins since 416 B.C. [Meisterhans3-Schw.]; pap [Mayser II/3, 159]; LXX; JosAs 5:9; ApcrEzk [Epiph 70, 11]; Jos., Ant. 16, 33 and 37; Just., Ath. B-D-F §446; 454, 3; Rob. ind.) if … (or) if, whether … orα. w. a verb in pres. indic. (Herm. Wr. 12, 22 thrice) 1 Cor 12:26; 2 Cor 1:6; or pres. subj. 1 Th 5:10.β. w. no verb (Just., D. 86, 3 al.) Ro 12:6–8; 1 Cor 3:22; 8:5; 2 Cor 5:10 al. εἴτε only once 1 Cor 14:27. εἴτε ἄρσενα εἴτε θήλειαν (ἤτε … ἤτε pap) GJs 4:1.⑦ Used w. the indef. pron.: εἴ τις, εἴ τι everyone who or whoever; everything that or whatever Mt 16:24; 18:28; Mk 4:23; 9:35; Lk 9:23; 14:26; 1 Ti 3:1, 5; 5:4, 8, 16 al. Cp. 1 Cor 12:31 v.l. (ADebrunner, ConNeot XI, ’47, 37). W. subj. εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 s. 1b, above.—DELG. M-M.2εἰ μήν, more correctly εἶ μήν (B-D-F §24; Rob. 1150) for the older ἦ μήν (Hom. et al. [s. Denniston 350f], but found also Jos., Ant. 13, 76; 17, 42), in Hellenistic-Roman times (SIG 993, 20 [III B.C.]; 736, 27 [92 B.C.]; IG IV, 840, 15 [EHermann, Gr. Forschungen I 1912, 312]; pap since 112 B.C. [Mayser 78]; LXX e.g. Ezk 33:27; 34:8 al.; Num 14:28; Jdth 1:12; Bar 2:29 [Thackeray 83]) formula used in oaths surely, certainly Hb 6:14 (Gen 22:17).—Dssm., NB 33ff (BS 205ff).—M-M. -
2 γέ
γέ (Hom.+; apolog. exc. Ar.) enclit. particle, appended to the word or words it refers to; as in Hom.+ it serves to “focus the attention upon a single idea, and place it, as it were, in the limelight: differing thus from δή, which emphasizes the reality of a concept (though in certain respects the usages of the two particles are similar)” (Denniston 114). In oral utterance it would be accompanied by a change in pitch of voice at certain points in the context, and a translator may use an adverb or indicate the point through word order, choice of typeface, or punctuation at least, even, indeed, etc.ⓐ without other particlesα. limiting at least, at any rate (cp. Just., A I, 4, 4 ὅσον γε ἐκ τοῦ ὀνόματος ‘at least so far as [one can derive a reason for punishment] from the name Christian’): at least διά γε τὴν ἀναίδειαν at least because of (his) shamelessness, persistence (?) Lk 11:8. διά γε τὸ παρέχειν μοι κόπον yet because she bothers me 18:5.β. intensive (Mel., HE 4, 26, 11 πολύ γε φιλανθρωποτέραν [γνώμην]; cp. Just., D. 127, 2 [of God] ὅς γε ἦν καὶ πρὶν τὸν κόσμον γενέσθαι): even ὅς γε τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο who did not spare even his own son Ro 8:32. ἁμαρτία γέ ἐστιν indeed, it is a sin Hv 1, 1, 8.ⓑ added to other particles (for ἄρα γε s. ἄρα, ἆρα; for ἀλλά γε s. ἀλλά):α. εἴ γε if indeed, inasmuch as (Kühner-G. II 177c) Eph 3:2; 4:21; Col 1:23. τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ; εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ have you experienced so many things in vain? If it really was in vain Gal 3:4. εἴ γε καὶ ἐκδυσάμενοι οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα assuming, of course, that we shall not be found naked after having put off (our earthly habitation) (sim. NRSV; difft. REB) 2 Cor 5:3. S. also AcPl Ha 8, 24f s.v. εἰ 6b.β. εἰ δὲ μή γε otherwise (Pla. et al.; Epict. 3, 22, 27; Jos., Bell. 6, 120, Ant. 17, 113; IRG IV, 833; POxy 1159, 6; Mitt-Wilck I/2, 167, 25; PGM 4, 2629; Da 3:15; Bel 8).א. after affirmative clauses: εἰ δὲ μή γε (sc. προσέχετε), μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε otherwise you have no reward Mt 6:1; cp. Lk 10:6. Elliptically: κἂν μὲν ποιήσῃ καρπὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον• εἰ δὲ μή γε, ἐκκόψεις αὐτήν if in the future it bears fruit (very well); otherwise have it cut down 13:9.ב. after a negative statement: οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς. εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται new wine is not poured into old skins; otherwise they burst Mt 9:17; cp. Lk 5:36. No one is to consider me foolish; but if you do, treat me as you would a fool (i.e. let me enjoy some of the prerogatives) 2 Cor 11:16.γ. καί γε (without a word between [older Gk. sometimes inserts a word between καί and γε: e.g., Pla., Phd. 58d, Pol. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9 vol. VII 450; Cornutus 9 p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Apsines Rhetor [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; LXX; TestReub 4:4 al.) limiting: at least Lk 19:42 v.l. Intensive: even (Jos., Ant. 20, 19) Ac 2:18 (Jo 3:2 v.l.). καί γε οὐ μακράν though he is really not far 17:27. Cp. Hm 8:5; 9:9.—Kühner-G. II 176b; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm. 35f, 37; Rob. 1129. S. also καί 2iβ.δ. καίτοι γε and yet; though, of course (Epict. 3, 24, 90) J 4:2; Dg 8:3.—Kühner-G. II 151–52; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129. S. also καί 2iδ.ε. μενοῦνγε in NT somet. at the beginning of its clause, contrary to older usage (Phryn. 342 Lob.), stating a correction rather Lk 11:28 v.l.; Ro 9:20; 10:18; Phil 3:8.—B-D-F §450, 4; Hdb. on Ro 9:20. S. also μενοῦν.ζ. μήτι γε not to mention, let alone 1 Cor 6:3 (also Pla., Ep. 4, 321a; Demosth. 21, 148; Strabo 1, 1, 13; other exx. in Wettstein; PLond I, 42, 23 p. 30 [II B.C.]; B-D-F §427, 3). S. also μήτι.η. γέ τοι indeed, only in the stereotyped transition formula πέρας γέ τοι and furthermore B 5:8; 10:2; 12:6; 15:6, 8; 16:3 (s. πέρας 3 and τοί).θ. ὄφελόν γε would that indeed 1 Cor 4:8.—S. also γοῦν.—DELG. M-M. -
3 κείρω
A , [dialect] Ion.κερέω Il.23.146
: [tense] aor.ἔκειρα Pi. P.9.37
, E.Tr. 1173, etc., [dialect] Ep.ἔκερσα Il.13.546
( ἀπο-, in tmesi), A. Supp. 666 (lyr.): [tense] pf. (ii B.C.), ( περι-) Luc. Symp.32:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. , ( ἀπο-) Pl.Phd. 89b: [tense] aor.ἐκειράμἡν Lys.2.60
, etc., [dialect] Ep. , A.Pers. 953 (lyr.): —[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1 part. κερθείς (v.l. καρθ-) Pi.P.4.82: [tense] aor. 2 ἐκάρην [ᾰ] PSI4.368.45 (iii B.C.), subj.κᾰρῇ Hdt.4.127
, inf. κᾰρῆναι, part. καρείς, Luc.Sol.6, Plu.Lys.1: [tense] pf. inf.κεκάρθαι Hdt.2.36
: [dialect] Att. [tense] plpf.ἐκεκάρμην Luc.Lex.5
. (Cf. Skt. kṛṇā´ti 'wound', Lat. caro: prob. also OE. scieran, Eng. shear.):—cut short, shear, clip, esp. of hair, σοί τε κόμην κερέειν (sc. Σπερχειῷ) Il.23.146, cf. Paus.1.37.3; κ. ἐν χρ [τὰς τρίχας] crop it close, Hdt.4.175;ἀλόχων κείραντες ἔθειραν E.Hel. 1124
(lyr.): —more freq. in [voice] Med., cut off one's hair or have it cut off, as a sign of mourning (cf. κουρά), τοῦτο.. γέρας οἶον ὀϊζυροῖσι βροτοῖσι, κείρασθαί τε κόμην βαλέειν τ' ἀπὸ δάκρυ παρειῶν Od.4.198
, cf. 24.46, Il.23.46; ;κείρομαι κόμαν Id.Ph. 322
(lyr.): abs., cut off one's hair,κείρασθε, συμπενθήσατ' Id.HF 1390
;ἐφ' οἷς ἡ πόλις ἐπένθησε καὶ ἐκείρατο Aeschin.3.211
, etc.; l.c.: Com., πρὸς φθεῖρα κείρασθαι to have oneself close shorn, Eub.32:—[voice] Pass.,κουρᾷ.. πενθίμῳ κεκαρμένος E.Or. 458
; σύμβολον κ. half- cropped, Hermipp.14;τὰ ῥόδα κ. Pherecr.108.29
; also, of the hair, to be cut off,πλόκαμοι κερθέντες Pi.P.4.82
;βοστρύχους κεκαρμένους E.El. 515
.2 crop a person, σφέας αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἵππους, in sign of mourning, Hdt.9.24; κεκάρθαι τὰς κεφαλάς to have their heads shorn, Id.2.36;Θρᾳκιστὶ κέκαρμαι Theoc.14.46
; v. χρώς 1.2, ἐγκυτί; shear sheep,μάχαιραι κουρίδες, αἷς κείρομεν τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς ποιμένας Cratin.37
; κείρεσθαί ( tonderi) μου τὰ πρόβατα, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀποξύρεσθαι ( deglubi) βούλομαι Tiber. ap. D.C. 57.10 (cf. infr. 3); τὸ μὲν [καρῆναι] ἐπὶ προβάτων τιθέασι καὶ ἐπὶ ἀτίμου κουρᾶς (cf. Luc.Sol.6),κείρασθαι δὲ ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων Phryn.292
; but τῶν Ἀργείων ἐπὶ πένθει καρέντων Plu.l.c.; (Jul. Antec.).3 metaph., 'fleece', plunder,τὴν μάμμην Herod.3.39
.II cut down,δοῦρ' ἐλάτης κέρσαντες Il. 24.450
; ; crop close, opp. ἐπιτέμνειν, Thphr.CP3.23.3; pluck,ἄνθη Philostr. VA1.5
: metaph.,ἐκ λεχέων κ. μελιαδέα ποίαν Pi.P.9.37
;Ἄρης κέρσειεν ἄωτον A.Supp. 666
(lyr.).2 ravage a country, esp. by cutting down crops and fruit-trees,τὸ πεδίον Hdt.5.63
;τέμενος Id.6.75
, cf. OGI765.10 ([place name] Priene);τὴν γῆν Hdt.6.99
, Th. 1.64;χώραν Aen.Tact.15.9
; destroy,πόλιν Call.Fr.1.60
P.; also, clear, of pioneers,ὄρος Hdt.7.131
:—[voice] Pass., of a country, to be ravaged,καρῆναι Id.4.127
, cf. 8.65;κεκαρμένα κτήματα SIG364.67
(Ephesus, iii B.C.):—[voice] Med., χθὼν πεύκας κειραμένη having its pine-trees cut down, AP9.106 (Leon.);ἄρουραι λήϊα κειράμεναι Ps.-Phoc.166
: metaph., Σπάρτη.. ἐκείρατο δόξαν had her glory shorn off, Epigr. ap. Paus. 9.15.6; Ἄρης νυχίαν πλάκα κερσάμενος having had the plain swept clean (by destroying the men), A.Pers. 953 (lyr.).3 ἔκειρε πολύκερων φόνον slaughtered many a horned beast by hewing, S.Aj.55.III generally, destroy, consume:1 tear, eat greedily, of beasts, κείρει τ' εἰσελθὼν βαθὺ λήϊον [ὄνος] Il.11.560; of fish,δημὸν.. ἐπινεφρίδιον κείροντες 21.204
; of vultures,ἧπαρ ἔκειρον Od.11.578
, cf. Luc.DDeor. 1.1, DMort.30.1.2 metaph., waste, devour,ἐκείρετε πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ κτήματ' ἐμά Od.2.312
;ἔκειρον κτήματ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ 22.369
, etc.: abs., κείρετε (sc. βίοτον) 1.378. -
4 τέμνω
τέμνω (A), [dialect] Ion., [dialect] Dor., and [dialect] Ep. [full] τάμνω, Il.3.105, al. ( τέμνω once in Hom., Od.3.175), Hdt.2.65, Democr.263, Hp.Acut.22, SIG1026.20 (Cos, [voice] Pass.), cf. ἀποτέμνω, διατέμνω: [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. [full] τέμει only in Il. 13.707 ([ per.] 2sg. τέμεις prob. in Epigr. ap. Suid.A s.v. βοῦς ἕβδομος): τέμνω is f.l. in Pi.P.3.68 and v.l. in O.13.57, cf. τάμνω ib.12.6, B.5.17, 16.4, but is the only [dialect] Att. [tense] pres., Th.3.26, IG12.76.56, etc. (v. also τμήγω): Iterat.τέμνεσκον A.R.1.1215
, Q.S.6.217: [tense] fut. , Th.1.82, etc.; [dialect] Ion.τεμέω Hp.Jusj.
: [tense] aor. [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Dor. ἔτᾰμον, [dialect] Ep. τάμον, Il.3.292, al., SIG4.10 (Cyzicus, vi B.C.), Pi. N.3.33, Hdt.7.132; [dialect] Ep. inf.ταμέειν Il.19.197
; [dialect] Att.ἔτεμον Th.6.7
, IG22.1666A8, etc.: [tense] pf. , ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Men. 85a; [dialect] Dor.[ per.] 3sg.τετμάκει Archim.Con.Sph.22
,26; [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. part. (in pass. sense) τετμηώς A.R4.156:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. τεμοῦμαι ([etym.] ὑπο-) Ar. Eq. 291 (lyr.), X.Cyr.1.4.19, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐταμόμην, inf.ταμέσθαι Il.9.580
; [dialect] Att. ([etym.] ἀπ-), Luc.Pr.Im.24:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.τμηθήσομαι Arist.LI 968b17
; [dialect] Dor.τμα- Archim.Aequil.2.2
; alsoτετμήσομαι Philostr.VA4.24
, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Pl.R. 564c: [tense] aor. , Th.2.18, etc.; [dialect] Dor.ἐτμα- Archim.Con.Sph.11
: [tense] pf.τέτμημαι Od.17.195
, Th.3.26, etc.; [dialect] Dor.τετμα- Archim.Con.Sph.12
(τετμη- Pi.I.6(5).22
codd.):— cut, in Hom. and elsewhere usu. of particular kinds of cutting (v. infr.); generally, ὀδόντας οἵους τέμνειν fit for cutting, X.Mem.1.4.6; τοιοῦτον τμῆμα τέμνεται τὸ τεμνόμενον, οἷον τὸ τέμνον τέμνει; Pl.Grg. 476d.2 cut, wound, maim,ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα χαλκῷ Il.13.501
, 16.761; πρὸς δέρην τ. wound her in the neck, A.Eu. 592; οἱ στενοὶ (sc. τελαμῶνες) τέμνουσι narrow bandages cut the patient, Sor.1.83.3 of a surgeon, cut,ἐκ μηροῦ τ. βέλος Il.11.844
;τ. τὰν κοιλίαν IG42(1).122.40
(Epid., iv B.C.); τὴν χεῖρα (in blood-letting) Gal.16.810: abs., use the knife, as opp. to cautery ([etym.] κάειν), ἤτοι κέαντες ἢ τεμόντες A.Ag. 849
, cf. X.An.5.8.18, Pl.Grg. 456b, 480c, 521e, etc.:— [voice] Pass., to be operated upon, Hp.Aph.7.44, Pl.Grg. 479a.5 prune vines, LXX Le.25.3, cf. Is.5.6 ([voice] Pass.); cut, i.e. gather, herbs, Dsc.3.132 ([voice] Pass.).II cut up, cut to pieces, of animals, Il.9.209; τ. μελεϊστί, διὰ μελεϊστί, κατὰ μέλη, 24.409, Od.9.291, Pi.O.1.49;τ. ἰχθῦς Hdt.2.65
, cf. 3.42, etc.:—[voice] Med.,ταμνομένους κρέα πολλά Od.24.364
.b slaughter, sacrifice,ταμέειν Διί τ' Ἠελίῳ τε Il.19.197
; σφάγια τ. E.Supp. 1196:—[voice] Pass.,σφάγια τέμνεται Id.Heracl. 400
.2 ὅρκια τάμνειν sacrifice in attestation of an oath, and hence, take solemn oaths, Il.2.124, Od.24.483, etc. (also in late Prose, as Plb.21.24.3, 21.32.15, al.); , etc.; θάνατόν νύ τοι ὅρκι' ἔταμνον I made a truce which was death to thee, 4.155; ἐπὶ τούτοισι τ. ὅρκιον on these terms, Hdt.7.132; without ὅρκιον, τ. τισὶ μένειν τὸ ὅρκιον make a covenant that.., Id.4.201; alsoσπονδὰς τέμωμεν E.Hel. 1235
; ἆρα φίλιά μοι τεμεῖ; Id.Supp. 376 (lyr.):—[voice] Med., of two parties,ὅρκια τάμνεσθαι Hdt.4.70
.3 φάρμακον τέμνειν cut or chop up a plant for purposes of medicine or witchcraft, Pl.Lg. 836b: metaph., ib. 919b, Ep. 353e: hence πόρον or ἄκος τέμνειν contrive a means or remedy, A.Supp. 807 (lyr., dub.l.), E.Andr. 121 (lyr.).4 divide, of a river, μέσην τ. Λιβύην cut it in twain, Hdt.2.33, cf. E.El. 411; of a mountain-chain, D.P.340, 890; τ. δίχα cleave in two, Pl.Smp. 190d:-[voice] Med., ἑπτὰ μέρη τεμόμενος having divided it into seven parts, Id.Lg. 695c:—[voice] Pass.,γραμμὴ δίχα τετμημένη Id.R. 509d
; τετμημένος ἐξ ἑνὸς δύο cut from one into two, Id.Smp. 191d.b διὰ τῆς δριμυφαγίας εἰ καὶ τὸ πάχος τέμνοιτο τοῦ γάλακτος were to be diluted, thinned, Sor.1.98;ἡ τῆς πτισάνης [ὕλη] τ. καὶ ὑγραίνει τὰ τῆς ἀναπτύσεως δεόμενα Gal.15.507
, cf. 6.352, 14.742; , cf. Vict.Att.1, al.5 divide logically,τ. δίχα Pl.Phlb. 49a
, Plt. 287b; τ. τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀρτίῳ καὶ περιττῷ into even and odd, ib. 262e, cf. 266e, al.; εἰς δύο μέρη τέμνουσι [ τὴν πραγματείαν] Sor. 1.1:—[voice] Pass.,διχῇ τέμνεσθαι Pl.Sph. 223c
.III cut off, severἐκ κεφαλέων τρίχας Il.3.273
;κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς 18.177
;δρακόντοιν κάρα A.Ch. 1047
, cf. S.Ph. 619;λαιμούς τινος Ar.Av. 1560
; πλόκον, φόβας, βόστρυχον, S.Aj. 1179, El. 449, 901 ([voice] Pass.), etc.;τράχηλον σώματος χωρίς E.Ba. 241
; Ὕδραν τ. Pl.R. 426e: with double acc., ἐρινεὸν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ τάμνε νέους ὄρπηκας cut the branches off the fig-tree, Il.21.38 ( ἐρινεοῦ cj. Agar):—[voice] Pass., τρίχας ἐτμήθην had them cut off, E.Tr. 480.2 part off, mark off,τέλσον ἀρούρης Il.13.707
;τέμενος 6.194
; so in [voice] Med., 9.580; also τάμνοντ' ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας they cut them off, surrounded them, 18.528.IV cut down, fell, of trees and timber, δένδρεα, δρῦς, φιτρούς, 11.88, 23.119, Od.12.11, etc.; ; τίς.. ἔτεμε τὰν δακρυόεσσαν Ἰλίῳ πεύκαν; E.Hel. 231 (lyr.);τ. ὕλην Th.2.98
; τ. ξύλα ἐκ τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος ib.75;χάρακας ἐκ τοῦ τεμένους Id.3.70
:—[voice] Pass., [μελίη] χαλκῷ ταμνομένη Il.13.180
;ῥόπαλον τετμημένον Od.17.195
; ἡ ὕλη ἡ τετμ. the felled timber, D.42.30:—[voice] Med., δοῦρα τάμνεσθαι fell oneself timber, Od.5.243, cf. Hdt.5.82, E.Hec. 634 (lyr.).2 λίθον τ. hew or quarry it, IG12.76.56, cf. 22.1666A8, 42(1).102.41, al. (Epid., iv B.C.), Pl.Criti. 116a, PPetr.2p.6 (iii B.C.), D.S.5.13; τ. μέταλλον open or work a mine, Hyp.Eux.35 ([voice] Pass.):—[voice] Med., λίθους τάμνεσθαι have them wrought or hewn, Hdt.1.186.3 cut down for purposes of destruction,γῆς τ. βλαστήματα E.Hec. 1204
;τ. τὸν σῖτον X.Mem.2.1.13
; also τ. τὴν γῆν lay waste the country by felling the fruit-trees, cutting the corn, etc., Hdt.9.86, cf. Th.2.19,55, And.3.8 ([voice] Pass.);τῆς γῆς ἔτεμον οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7
: c. partit. gen., τῆς γῆς τ. waste part of it, Id.1.30, 2.56:—[voice] Pass., ib.18,20.V cut into shape,δέρμα βόειον Od.14.24
;ἱμάντας ἐκ τοῦ δέρματος Hdt.5.25
:—[voice] Med.,νομέας ταμόμενοι Id.1.194
.2 τ. ὁδόν cut or make a road,τ. ὁδοὺς εὐθείας Th.2.100
;τ. διάπλους ἐκ τῶν διωρύχων Pl.Criti. 118e
;τάφρον τεμέσθαι PHal.1.107
(iii B.C.); ὁ τέμνων (sc. τὴν τάφρον) ib. 110: metaph., ὀχετοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν πλεύμονα ἔτεμον carried channels or ducts to the lungs, Pl.Ti. 70d, cf. 77c;οὐκ.. ἐγὼ πρῶτος ταύτην ἐτεμόμην τὴν ὁδόν Luc.Pr.Im.24
:—[voice] Pass.,μυρίαι τέτμηνται κέλευθοι Pi.I.6(5).22
;οὐ τετμημένων [τῶν] ὁδῶν Hdt.4.136
, etc.b make one's way, advance,ὦ τὴν ἐν ἄστροις.. τέμνων ὁδὸν.. Ἥλιε E.Ph. 1
;διὰ μέσου.. αἰθέρος τέμνων κέλευθον Ar.Th. 1100
; τὴν μεσόγαιαν τ. τῆς ὁδοῦ take the inland road, strike through the interior, Hdt.7.124, 9.89: metaph., μέσον τι τέμνειν hold a middle course, Pl.Prt. 338a; τὴν μέσην τ. Plu.2.7b; μέσον τινὰ [ βίον] τ. Pl.Lg. 793a;βιότοιο τ. τρίβον AP9.359
(Posidipp. or Pl.Com.), 360 (Metrod.): abs., make one's way, A.R.2.1244, 4.771.3 of ships, cut through the waves, plough the sea, τ. πέλαγος μέσον, κύματα θαλάσσης, Od.3.175, 13.88, cf. Pi.P.3.68: metaph., ψεύδη.. τάμνοισαι κυλίνδοντ' ἐλπίδες men's hopes are tossed about as they cut through the sea of lies, Id.O.12.6: of birds, αἰθέρος αὔλακα τ. cleave the air, Ar.Av. 1400, cf. h.Cer. 383, E.Epigr.2.VII cut short, bring to a crisis or decision,μαχᾶν τ. τέλος Pi.O.13.57
;κίνδυνον τ. σιδάρῳ E.Heracl. 758
(lyr.);λόγῳ τὰ διάφορα τεμεῖν Lib.Or.18.164
; τὰς δίκας τ. Cod.Just.3.1.12, cf. 2.12.27.2, al.------------------------------------ -
5 κατακόπτω
A cut down, fell, of trees, in [voice] Pass., Thphr.HP3.15.1, CP2.15.4, etc.2 cut in pieces, cut up, Hdt.1.48,73, 2.42, Ar.Av. 1688 ([voice] Pass.), etc.; ; κατακοπείς cut in pieces, Hdt.8.92.3 cut down, massacre, butcher, Id.6.75, Th.7.29:—[voice] Pass.,ὥσπερ βόες κατεκόπησαν Phld.Rh.1.235S.
4 in a military sense, cut in pieces, 'cut up',τὴν μόραν D.13.22
:—[voice] Pass.,κατακοπῆναι X.An.1.2.25
; κατακεκόψεσθαι ib.1.5.16.5κ. πληγαῖς τινα PLips.37.20
(iv A.D.), etc.6 generally, break in pieces, destroy,στεφάνους D. 22.70
;κέραμον Plb.5.25.3
; ἔρια ὑπὸ τῶν σέων κατακοπτόμενα fretted in pieces, Ar.Lys. 730, cf. Luc.Ind.1: metaph.,κ. τὴν ἀρχήν Plu. Demetr.30
;κατακέκοπταί οἱ τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς γαῦρον Id.2.762f
; κατεκόπημεν ἄν we should have been made mince-meat of, Pl.Com.35.7 weary, bore, Anaxipp.1.23, Men.Sam.70,77.8 Rhet., λέξις -κεκομμένη 'staccato', jerky composition, Demetr.Eloc.4.9 in [voice] Med., μαστοὺς κατεκόψατο, in vehement grief, Epigr.Gr. 316 ([place name] Smyrna).II strike with a die, coin bullion into money, Hdt.3.96;τὸν θρόνον ὄντα ἀργυροῦν X.HG1.5.3
;τὰς Χρυσᾶς πλίνθους εἰς νόμισμα D.S.16.56
, cf. Demetr.Eloc. 281, Lib.Or.14.45.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατακόπτω
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6 κατατέμνω
A : [tense] aor. κατέτεμον (v. infr.); [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Dor.κατέταμον Hdt.4.26
, Tab.Heracl.1.14:—cut in pieces, cut up,κρέα Hdt.
l.c., cf. Ar. Pax 1059;ἑαυτόν X.Mem.1.2.55
;τὴν κεφαλήν Aeschin.3.212
;γέρρα X.An.4.7.26
:—[voice] Med., κ. δέραν ὄνυχι lacerate, E.El. 146 (lyr., tm.):—[voice] Pass., τελαμῶσι κατατετμημένοις with regularly cut bandages, Hdt.2.86;σπλάγχνα κατατετμημένα Ar.Av. 1524
; χώρη ἐς διώρυχας -τέτμηται is cut up into ditches or canals, Hdt. 1.193, cf. 2.8; κατετέτμηντο ἐξ αὐτῶν (sc. τῶν διωρύχων)τάφροι ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν X.An.2.4.13
.b metaph.,τι ἐν τοῖς λόγοις κ. Pl.Hp.Ma. 301b
.2 c. dupl. acc., κ. τινὰ καττύματα cut him up into strips, Ar.Ach. 301; σῶμα κατατεμὼν κύβους having cut it up into cubes, Alex.187.4;τὴν βατίδα τεμάχη κατατεμών Ephipp.22
;ὅτι σμικρότατα τὸ σῶμα Pl.R. 610b
; κ. (sc. τὰν γᾶν) μερίδας τέτορας Tab.Heracl. l.c.: —[voice] Pass., κατατμηθείην λέπαδνα may I be cut up into straps, Ar.Eq. 768.3 κ. τὸν Πειραιᾶ lay it out in streets, Arist.Pol. 1267b23:— [voice] Pass., τὸ ἄστυ κατατέτμηται τὰς ὁδοὺς ἰθέας has its streets cut straight, Hdt.1.180.4 cut into the ground,κ. τοῦ χωρίου βάθος τρεῖς πόδας IG22.1668.7
; τὰ κατατετμημένα places where mines have already been worked, opp. τὰ ἄτμητα, X.Vect.4.27.5 cut down, pare, [τὸ δέρμα] ὁμαλῶς Hp.Fract.11
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατατέμνω
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7 ἐλασσόω
Aἠλάττωσα Lys.13.9
, Plb.16.21.5: [tense] pf.ἠλλάττωκα D.H.Comp.6
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.- ωθήσομαι Th.5.34
, D. 21.66: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in same sense, Hdt.6.11, Th.5.104: [tense] aor. ἠλασσώθην, -ττώθην, Id.1.77, D.10.33: [tense] pf.ἠλάττωμαι Apollod.Com.7.3
, Plb. 18.4.3:— make less or smaller, diminish, reduce in amount, PTeb.19.11 (ii B.C.), PLips.105.28 (i A.D.):—[voice] Pass., POxy. 918xi3 (ii A.D.).2 in early writers, lower, degrade,τὴν πόλιν Lys.13.9
, Isoc.8.17; ; cut down, shorten,συναλοιφαῖς τὰ ῥήματα D.H.Comp.6
: c. gen., detract from,μὴ προστιθέναι τιμήν, ἀλλὰ μὴ ἐλασσοῦν τῆς ὑπαρχούσης Th.3.42
:—[voice] Med., reduce the power of,τινάς Plb.22.15.1
.II [voice] Pass.,1 abs., to be lessened, suffer loss, be depreciated, of things, Th.2.62; of persons, Id.4.59,al., OGI139.10(ii B.C.), PTeb.382.13(i B.C.), Phld.Lib.p.32 O., al., Ev.Jo.3.30, etc.;μέγα τοῦθ' οἱ πατέρες ἠλαττώμεθα Apollod.Com. 7.3
; also, take less than one's due, waive one's rights or privileges, Th. 1.77, D.56.14; but, fall short of one's professions, act dishonestly, Isoc.1.49.2 c. dat. rei, have the worst of it, Hdt.6.11, Th.5.104, etc.;τῷ πολέμῳ Id.1.115
; to be inferior,τῇ ἐμπειρίᾳ Id.5.72
;πολλαῖς ναυσί X.HG1.5.15
; πᾶσι τούτοις ib.6.2.28; ἠλαττωμένος τοῖς ὄμμασι, of a one-eyed man, Plb.18.4.3; : c. gen., fall short of,τῶν ἀρχετύπων Ph.1.606
.3 c. gen. pers., to be at a disadvantage with a person,πολλὰ μὲν οὖν ἔγωγ' ἐλαττοῦμαι κατὰ τουτονὶ τὸν ἀγῶν' Αἰσχίνου D.18.3
;ἐλαττοῦσθαί τινός τινι Pl.Alc.1.121b
;μηδὲν τῶν δημιουργῶν Id.Grg. 459c
.4 c. gen. rei, suffer loss in respect of, κεφαλαίου, τόκων, BGU155.10 (ii A.D.); to be in want of, LXX 1 Ki.21.15(16): also c. dat., ib.2 Ki.3.29.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐλασσόω
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8 ῥάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to beat, to smash, to thrust, to stamp' (also of dancers), intr. `to strike, to dash' (hell.).Other forms: Att. ῥάττω, Ion. ῥήσσω (ep. Σ 571, ἐπι- ῥάσσω Ω 454, 456, h.Ap. 516, also LXX, NT), fut. ῥάξω, aor. ῥᾶξαι (Att., hell.), ῥαχθῆναι (LXX).Derivatives: 1. σύρ-, πρόσ-ραξις f. `crash, impact' (Arist., pap.), ἀπό- ῥάσσω n. of a ball-game (Poll., Eust.). 2. κατα-ρράκτης as adj. `rushing down, precipitous' (S., Str.), as subst. m. `waterfall' (D. S., Str.), `portcullis, boarding bridge' (LXX, App. a.o.), n. bird that sweeps down (Ar., Arist.), Κατα-ρρήκτης m. n. of a river in Phrygia (Hdt.); κατα-ρρακτήρ `rushing down' (Lyc.; of a bird). 3. ῥακτήριον ὄρχησίς τις, - τήρια τύμπανα H., ῥακτήριος approx. `suitable for beating', also `clamorous'? (S. Fr. 802 u. 699); ῥάκτριαι f. (- ια n.?) pl. `staffs, to beat off olives' (Poll., H., Phot.). On ῥάγ-δην, - δαῖος s. ῥαγή; on ῥαχία s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Rather rare verb, which in the koine was confused with ῥήγνυμι. Without certain connection. As before the ῥ- a consonant must have disappeared, an original PGr. *Ϝρά̄χ-ι̯ω (cf. ῥαχ-ία) can be identified with a Slavic verb for `beat' (also with loss of u̯-), e.g. Russ. razítь, Czech. raziti, to which a.o. Czech. ráz `stroke, stamp', Russ. raz `turn', IE *u̯rāǵ(h)- (WP. 1, 318f. with Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 24 f.). The Slav. words, however, have also been connected with Russ. rézatь `cut, slaughter', OCS rězati ' κόπτειν' etc. and so with ῥήγνυμι (s. Vasmer s. raz II and Fraenkel s. rė́zti 1), which however clearly semant. slightly deviate. (As in Greek ῥήσσω and ῥήγνυμι, so in Slav. the corresponding verbs may have partly coalesced. -- The attractive connection with ἀράσσω (Bechtel Lex. s. ῥήσσω with Joh. Schmidt; cf. ταλα-: τλᾱ-, ταράξαι: θρά̄σσω) would require a PGr. *Ϝαράχ-ι̯ω; but there is no trace of a Ϝ-. Cf. ῥάχις.Page in Frisk: 2,643-644Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥάσσω
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9 ἀμάω 1
ἀμάω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `reap corn, cut, (mow down)' (Il.)Other forms: Homer often has long α-, no doubt m.c. (Chantr. Gr. hom. 111)Etymology: The etym. depends on the original meaning, which in this case is not quite clear: `mow', `cut', or even `scrape' ( δι-, s. DELG s.v.) - If connected with OHG māen, OE māwan `mow' we have a root * h₂meh₁-; ἄμητος could then be identical with MHG māt, OE mæd `reaping'. ἀμάω through assimilation of h₂...h₁ or a...e or late rebuilding of *amēie- (Peters 91 n. 41), or from ἀμ- \< * h₂mh₁- before vowel + - αω. Lat. meto could be connected as * h₂m-et-. Much more doubtful is Hitt. ḫamešḫ(a)- `summer, harvest-time'. See Bechtel Lex. - Not here ἄμη `shovel' acc. to Schulze Q. 365 A. 3; Solmsen Wortforschung 195 connects it with OCS jama `pit, quarry'; Morgenstierne Acta orientalia 7, 200 connects Pashto yūm `spade'; cf. Pok. 502 (but it is doubtful whether a PIE root * ieh₂m- is permissible). - The verb δι-αμάω is separated from ἀμάω `mow' by Irigoin, LfgrE. On ἄμαλλα `sheaf' and ἀμάρα `canal' s.v.Page in Frisk: 1,88Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμάω 1
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10 ἐγείρω
ἐγείρω fut. ἐγερῶ; 1 aor. ἤγειρα. Pass.: pres. ἐγείρομαι, impv. 2 sg. ἐγείρου, pl. ἐγείρεσθε; 1 fut. ἐγερθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠγέρθην; pf. ἐγήγερμαι (B-D-F §101 and 78; Rob. 1215) (Hom.+).① to cause someone to wake from sleep, wake, rouse Mt 8:25; Mk 4:38; Ac 12:7.② to cease sleeping, wake up, awaken fr. sleep, pass. intr. (PStras 100, 15 [II B.C.] ἐγερθεὶς ἐκάλουν βοηθούς) ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου Mt 1:24 (cp. διεγείρω). Abs. 25:7; Mk 4:27; J 11:12 P75. Fig., ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι awaken fr. sleep (i.e. thoughtless indolence) Ro 13:11 (cp. Epict. 2, 20, 15 ἐ. ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων, fr. the sleep of carelessness); cp. AcPl Ha 4, 32.③ to cause to stand up from a position lower than that of the pers. rendering assistance, raise, help to rise, pers. sitting down Ac 3:7 (ἵνα σταθῶ). Lying down Mk 1:31; 9:27. Stretched out Ac 10:26 (En 14:25). Fallen Mt 12:11; 1 Cl 59:4; Hv 3, 2, 4.④ to move to a standing position, rise, get up, pass. intr. of those who have awakened Mt 2:13f, 20f; 8:26; Lk 11:8; who were sitting down (EpArist 94) Mt 9:19; Lk 13:25; J 11:29; Hv 1, 4, 1; AcPl Ox 6; kneeling Hv 2, 1, 3; of the sick Mt 8:15; 9:6f; Mk 2:12; of those called back to life (cp. 4 Km 4:31) Mt 9:25; Lk 7:14. ἐκ τοῦ δείπνου rise from the table J 13:4; of one who has fallen Mt 17:7; Ac 9:8 (on ἀπὸ τ. γῆς cp. 2 Km 12:17; Ps 112:7).⑤ to cause to come into existence, raise up, bring into being (Judg 2:16, 18 ἤγειρε αὐτοῖς κύριος κριτάς; 3:9, 15 σωτῆρα; Pr 10:12; TestLevi 18:2 ἱερέα; Jos., Ant. 8, 199) κέρας σωτηρίας a horn of salvation Lk 1:69; τέκνα τινί Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. ἤγειρεν τὸν Δαυὶδ αὐτοῖς εἰς βασιλέα he gave them David as (their) king Ac 13:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 19, 295). W. double acc. and dat. of advantage vs. 23 v.l.; τὶ someth. (Theognis 549 πόλεμον ἐ.; Appian, Hann. 41 §177 θόρυβον; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 50 Jac. μάχην; Tat. 19, 3 στάσεις καὶ μάχας) cause θλῖψιν Phil 1:17 (Lucian, Syr. Dea 18 πένθος τινι).⑥ to cause to return to life, raise up (the ancients closely associated death with sleep; s., e.g., Kaibel 559, 7f; RLattimore, Themes in Greek and Latin Epitaphs ’62, 164f al.) (Apollodor. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 138a Jac., of Asclepius. Similarly schol. on Lucian p. 55, 23 Rabe; Sir 48:5 ὁ ἐγείρας νεκρὸν ἐκ θανάτου; PGM 4, 195) Mt 10:8; J 5:21; Ac 26:8; 2 Cor 1:9; AcPt Ox 849 verso, 10; AcPl Ha 8, 35=BMM verso 9. Of the raising of Jesus Ac 5:30; 10:40; 13:37; 1 Cor 6:14; 15:15ff; 2 Cor 4:14. More fully ἐ. τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν (mostly of Jesus’ resurr.) J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Ro 4:24; 8:11; 10:9; Gal 1:1; Eph 1:20; Col 2:12; 1 Th 1:10; Hb 11:19; 1 Pt 1:21; IMg 9:3; Pol 2:1f; AcPlCor 2:6. ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Of the raising of Christ’s flesh ISm 7:1.⑦ to enter into or to be in a state of life as a result of being raised, be raised, rise, pass. intr., of one who has died (Is 26:19; TestJob 4:9; cp. 4 Km 4:31) approaches ἀναστῆναι in mng. (cp. mss. and synopt. parallels; s. ἀνίστημι 7) gen. νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται Mk 12:26; Lk 7:22; 20:37; 1 Cor 15:15f, 29, 32, 35, 52. Of Lazarus ἐγερθήσεται J 11:12 v.l. σώματα … ἠγέρθησαν Mt 27:52; ἐγείρεται σῶμα πνευμάτικον 1 Cor 15:44; cp. 15:42f; τὸ σῶμα ἐγείρεται AcPlCor 2:27; cp. 2:26 (in imagery after 1 Cor 15:37). ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ Lk 16:30 v.l.; ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ 16:31 P75.—Of John the Baptist ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 14:2; cp. ἐκ νεκρῶν Mk 6:14; Lk 9:7.—Of Christ: ἐκ νεκρῶν Mt 17:9; J 2:22; 21:14; Ro 6:4, 9; 7:4; 1 Cor 15:12, 20 (cp. Just., D. 108, 2 ἐγηγέρθαι); 2 Ti 2:8. Also ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 27:64; 28:7; ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Without this qualification τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι Mt 16:21; 17:23. καθῶς εἶπεν 28:6; ὄντως εἶπεν Mt 26:32; 26:34. διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν ἡμῶν Ro 4:25; ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν (τῶν ζώντων) 2 Cor 5:15. Abs. Mt 26:32; Mk 14:28; 16:6; Lk 24:6, 14 (v.l. ἐκ νεκρῶν); Ro 8:34 (v.l. ἐκ ν.); 1 Cor 15:13f, 16f; AcPlCor 2:31.—For lit. s. on ἀνάστασις 2 end.⑧ to raise up from sickness, raise up=restore to health (the sick pers. is ordinarily recumbent) Js 5:15; AcPl BMM verso 11 (Did., Gen. 168, 17).⑨ to change to a previous good state or condition, restore, erect of buildings (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 18; Aelian, NA 11, 10; Herodian 3, 15, 3; 8, 2, 5; Lucian, Alex. 19; Anth. Pal. 9, 696; OGI 677, 3; 1 Esdr 5:43; Sir 49:13; ἐ. τρόπαιον Hippol., Ref. 1, 24, 6; θυσιαστήριον Did., Gen. 223, 19) temple (ναόν: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 26 §120; Lucian, Sacr. 11; Jos., Ant. 15, 391; 20, 228) J 2:19f.⑩ to move someth. from its position by exerting effort in overcoming resistance, lift up ἔγειρον τ. λίθον lift up the stone, push the stone aside (Seleucus of Alex. [I A.D.]: 341 Fgm. 4 Jac. in buffoonery at a symposium, of a stone pushed out from under a participant who has put his head in a noose and has been given a small scimitar to cut the rope before it strangles him) (Ox 1 recto, 6 [=GTh 77]); LWright, JBL 65, ’46, 182; Unknown Sayings 95–98; AWalls, VigChr 16, ’62, 71–76.— Raise κονιορτόν (Polyaenus 4, 19; 7, 44, 1) Hv 4, 1, 5 (Jos. Bell. 5, 471 speaks in the pass. of the dust that ‘is raised’). Cp. Mt 12:11.⑪ to move against in hostility, rise up, pass. intr., of nations rising in arms (Jer 6:22 v.l.) ἐ. ἐπί τινα against someone one nation against another Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10 (for ἐπί τινα cp. Appian, Liby. 68 §307; Jer 27:9; Jos., Ant. 8, 199).⑫ to make an appearance, appear, pass. intr. of prophets Mt 11:11; Lk 7:16; J 7:52; of false prophets Mt 24:11, 24; Mk 13:22. Of accusers in court (w. ἐν τῇ κρίσει; s. ἀνίστημι 9) Mt 12:42; Lk 11:31 (on omission of ἐν τῇ κρίσει in ms. D, see MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 134).⑬ in a command to evoke movement from a fixed position ἔγειρε, ἐγείρου get up!, come! impv.ⓐ act. intr. only in impv. (Eur., Iph. A. 624; Aristoph., Ran. 340; Aesop-mss. [Ursing 80]) Mt 9:5f; Mk 2:9 (v.l. ἐγείρου), 11; 3:3; 5:41; 10:49; Lk 5:23f; 6:8; 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); J 5:8; Ac 3:6 ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει; Rv 11:1; AcPl Ha 7, 28. Awakening of the ‘dead’ (with καθεύδειν and ἐγείρειν associated in figurative use, as in Plut., Mor. 462) in Mk 5:41; Lk 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); Eph 5:14 (MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc., but without Gnostic motif acc. to KKuhn, NTS 7, ’60/61, 341–46; cp. PsSol 16:1–4) parallels the aspect of motion in passages cited in 1, 3–10, and others here in a above.ⓑ pass. intr. ἐγείρου get up! Mk 2:9 v.l.; Lk 8:54 v.l.; ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν get up! let us be going Mt 26:46; Mk 14:42; J 14:31.—B. 271; 670. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
11 εἰς
εἰς or [full] ἐς, PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:—both forms are found in Hom., [dialect] Ion. poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐς is best attested in Hdt. and Hp., and is found in nearly all early [dialect] Ion. Inscrr. (exc. IG12(8).262.16 (Thasos, v B. C.), ib.7.235.1 (Oropus, iv B. C.)); εἰς in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. from iv B. C., IG2.115, etc.; and usu. in [dialect] Att. Prose (exc. Th.) and Com. (exc. in parody): Trag. apptly. prefer εἰς, but ἐς is used before vowels metri gr.; ἐς was retained in the phrases ἐς κόρακας (whence the Verb σκορακίζω) , ἐς μακαρίαν. [dialect] Aeol. poets have εἰς before vowels, ἐς before consonants, and this is given as the rule in Hom. by An.Ox. 1.172, cf. Hellad. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.533B. (Orig. ἐνς, as in IG4.554.7 ([place name] Argos), GDI4986.11 ([place name] Crete); cf. ἐν, ἰν. The diphthong is genuine in [dialect] Aeol. εἰς, but spurious in [dialect] Att.-[dialect] Ion.) Radical senseA into, and then more loosely, to:I OF PLACE, the oldest and commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα into or to the sea, Il.1.141, al.;εἰς ἅλαδε Od.10.351
;ἔς ῥ' ἀσαμίνθους 4.48
; ἐς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον ib. 220; freq. of places, to,εἰς Εὔβοιαν 3.174
; ἐς Αἴγυπτον, etc., Hdt.1.5, etc.; ἐς Μίλητον into the territory of Miletus, ib.14;εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον εἰσέπλει X.HG1.1.2
;ἀφίκετο εἰς Μήδους πρὸς Κυαξάρην Id.Cyr.2.1.2
; εἰς ἅρματα βαίνειν to step into.., Il.8.115;εἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβῆναι 14.287
; opp. ἐκ, in such phrases as ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, from heel to ankle-joint, from head to foot, 22.397, 23.169;ἐκ πάτου ἐς σκοπιήν 20.137
;ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῦ Od.7.87
; κἠς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος from year to year, Theoc. 18.15: with Verbs implying motion or direction, as of looking,ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόν Il.3.364
; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι to look in the face, 9.373, etc.; εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν he is like in face (sc. ἰδόντι), 3.158, etc.; ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος ἐλθεῖν to come before another's eyes, 24.204;ἐς ὄψιν ἀπικνέεσθαί τινος Hdt.1.136
;καλέσαι τινὰ ἐς ὄψιν Id.5.106
, etc.; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκειν come to the same point, E.Hipp. 273: less freq. after a Subst.,ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρην Od.22.128
; τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχος facing Pallene, Th.1.56;ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν Δῆλον Id.3.104
, cf.Pl.Tht. 173d.b [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion., also c. acc. pers. ([dialect] Att. ὡς, πρός, παρά), Il.7.312, 15.402, Od.14.127, Hdt.4.147; also in [dialect] Att. with collective Nouns,ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντες Th. 5.45
, or plurals,εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσῆλθον D.18.103
; esp. of consulting an oracle,ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖν Pi.O.7.31
;εἰς Ἄμμων' ἐλθόντες Ar.Av. 619
.2 with Verbs expressing restin a place, when a previous motion into or to it is implied, ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου he put it in the house (i.e. he brought it into the house, and put it there), Od.20.96; ἐς θρόνους ἕζοντο they sat them down upon the seats, 4.51, cf. 1.130; ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν the lion appeared in the path, Il.15.276;ἀπόστολος ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἦν Hdt.1.21
(s. v.l.); ;ἐς κώμην παραγίνονται Id.1.185
;παρῆν ἐς Σάρδις Id.6.1
;ἐς δόμους μένειν S.Aj.80
(cod. Laur.);ἐς τὴν νῆσον κατέκλῃσε Th.1.109
, cf. Hdt.3.13; ἀπόβασιν ποιήσασθαι ἐς .. Th.2.33, etc.; later used like ἐν, τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς κατοικεῖτε LXX Nu.35.34;τὸ χρυσίον ὃ εἰλήφεσαν εἰς Ῥώμην D.S.14.117
;οἰκεῖν εἰς τὰ Ὕπατα Luc.Asin.1
;εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀποθανεῖν Ael.VH7.8
;εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν γῆν Suid.
s.v. Καλλίμαχος: generally,τοὔνομα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, φασίν, Ἱππομιγὴς δύναται Ael.VH9.16
.3 with Verbs of saying or speaking, εἰς relates to the persons to or before whom one speaks, εἰπεῖν ἐς πάντας, ἐς πάντας αὔδα, Hdt.8.26, S.OT93;λέγειν εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν ταξιάρχων X.Cyr. 3.3.7
; : with other Verbs, ; ; ἐπαχθὴς ἦν ἐς τοὺς πολλούς Id.6.54; ;διαβεβλῆσθαι εἴς τινα Pl.R. 539c
.4 elliptical usages,a after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν they quitted the city for a strong position, i.e. to seek a strong position, X.An.1.2.24; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας letters were captured [and sent] to Athens, Id.HG1.1.23, cf. Pl.R. 468a;ἀνίστασθαι ἐς Ἄργος E.Heracl.59
, cf. Pl.Phd. 116a.b participles signifying motion are freq. omitted with εἰς, τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν (sc. ἀποδειχθεῖσιν) And.1.11, etc.c c. gen., mostly of proper names, as εἰς Ἀΐδαο, [dialect] Att. εἰς Ἅιδου [δόμους], Il.21.48; ἐς Ἀθηναίης [ἱερόν] to the temple of Athena, 6.379; ἐς Πριάμοιο [οἶκον] 24.160, cf. 309; εἰς Αἰγύπτοιο [ῥόον] Od.4.581;ἐς τοῦ Κλεομένεος Hdt.5.51
;εἰς Ἀσκληπιοῦ Ar.Pl. 411
;ἐπὶ δεῖπνον [ἰέναι] εἰς Ἀγάθωνος Pl.Smp. 174a
: with Appellatives, ἀνδρὸς ἐς ἀφνειοῦ to a rich man's house, Il.24.482;ἐς πατρός Od.2.195
; πέμπειν εἰς διδασκάλων send to school, X.Lac.2.1;εἰς δ. φοιτᾶν Pl.Prt. 326c
; ἐς σεωυτοῦ, ἑωυτοῦ, Hdt.1.108, 9.108, etc.II OF TIME,1 to denote a certain point or limit of time, up to, until,ἐς ἠῶ Od.11.375
; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα till sunset, 9.161 (but also, towards or near sunset, 3.138);ἐκ νεότητος ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86
;ἐκ παιδὸς ἐς γῆρας Aeschin.1.180
; ἐς ἐμέ up to my time, Hdt.1.92, al.: with Advbs., εἰς ὅτε (cf. ἔς τε) against the time when.., Od.2.99; εἰς πότε; until when ? how long ? S.Aj. 1185 (lyr., cf.εἰσόκἐ; εἰς ὁπότε Aeschin.3.99
; ἐς τί; = εἰς πότε; Il.5.465; ἐς ὅ until, Hdt.1.93, etc.;ἐς οὗ Id.1.67
, 3.31, etc.;ἐς τόδε Id.7.29
, etc.2 to determine a period, εἰς ἐνιαυτόν for a year, i.e. a whole year, Il.19.32, Od.4.526; within the year, ib.86 (cf.ἐς ἐνίαυτον Alc.Supp.8.12
);εἰς ὥρας Od.9.135
; ἐς θέρος ἢ ἐς ὀπώρην for the summer, i.e. throughout it, 14.384; ἡ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν κειμένη δαπάνη εἰς τὸν μῆνα δαπανᾶται the expenditure for a year is expended in the month, X.Oec.7.36;μισθοδοτεῖν τινὰς εἰς ἓξ μῆνας D.S.19.15
;χοίνικα κριθῶν εἰς τέσσαρας ἡμέρας διεμέτρει Posidon. 36J.
; εἰς ἑσπέραν ἥκειν to come at even, Ar.Pl. 998; εἰς τρίτην ἡμέραν or εἰς τρίτην alone, on the third day, in two days, Pl.Hp.Ma. 286b, X.Cyr.5.3.27;ἥκειν ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν Id.An.2.3.25
;ἥκειν εἰς τὸ ἔαρ Hell.Oxy.17.4
; ἐς τέλος at last, Hdt.3.40; ἐς καιρόν in season, Id.4.139; οὐκ ἐς ἀναβολάς, ἀμβολάς, with no delay, Id.8.21, E.Heracl. 270, etc.; ἐς τότε at this time, v.l. in Od.7.317 (but εἰς τότε at that time (in the [tense] fut.), D.14.24, Pl.Lg. 830b); ἐς ὕστερον or τὸ ὕστερον, Od.12.126, Th.2.20: with Advbs.,ἐς αὔριον Il.8.538
, Pl. Lg. 858b;ἔς περ ὀπίσσω Od.20.199
;ἐς αὖθις Th.4.63
(v. εἰσαῦθις (; ἐς αὐτίκα μάλ' Ar. Pax 367; εἰς ἔπειτα (v. εἰσέπειτα (; ἐς τὸ ἔ., Th.2.64;ἐς ὀψέ Id.8.23
; εἰς ἅπαξ, v. εἰσάπαξ; εἰς ἔτι, v. εἰσέτι.III to express MEASURE OR LIMIT, without reference to Time, ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο was left behind as far as a quoit's throw, Il.23.523; ἐς δραχμὴν διέδωκε paid them as much as a drachma, Th.8.29;ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλαντα Thphr.Char.23.8
; so ἐς τὰ μάλιστα to the greatest degree, Hdt.1.20, etc.;ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης ἀπίκευ Id.1.124
;εἰς τοσοῦτο ἥκειν Lys.27.10
; ; ἐς ὅ ἐμέμνηντο so far as they remembered, Th.5.66;ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον Hdt.7.229
, etc.;εἰς ἅλις Theoc.25.17
.2 freq. with Numerals,ἐς τριακάδας δέκα ναῶν A.Pers. 339
; ναῦς ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας, διακοσίας, to the number of 400, etc., Th.1.74, 100, etc.; εἰς ἕνα, εἰς δύο, εἰς τέσσαρας, one, two, four deep, X.Cyr.2.3.21; but εἰς τέσσαρας four abreast, Aen.Tact.40.6: with Advbs., ἐς τρίς or ἐστρίς thrice, Pi.O.2.68, Hdt.1.86; of round numbers, about, X.An.1.1.10.4IV to express RELATION, towards, in regard to,ἐξαμαρτεῖν εἰς θεούς A.Pr. 945
, etc.; ἁμάρτημα εἴς τινα, αἰτίαι ἐς ἀλλήλους, Isoc.8.96, Th.1.66; ;ἔχθρη ἔστινα Hdt.6.65
;φιλία ἐς ἀμφοτέρους Th.2.9
; λέγειν ἐς .. Hdt.1.86;γνώμη ἀποδεχθεῖσα ἐς τὴν γέφυραν Id.4.98
;ἡ ἐς γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν ἀρχή Th.8.46
.b of the subject of a work, esp. in titles, e.g.τὰ ἐς Ἀπολλώνιον Philostr. VA
; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, ἐπινίκια, etc.2 in regard to,πρῶτος εἰς εὐψυχίαν A.Pers. 326
; , cf. Eq.90;διαβάλλειν τινὰ ἔς τι Th.8.88
;αἰτία ἐπιφερομένη ἐς μαλακίαν Id.5.75
;μέμφεσθαι εἰς φιλίαν X.An.2.6.30
;εἰς τὰ πολεμικὰ καταφρονεῖσθαι Id.HG7.4.30
; ; in respect of,εὐτυχεῖν ἐς τέκνα E.Or. 542
, cf. Pl.Ap. 35b, etc.;εἰς χρήματα ζημιοῦσθαι Id.Lg. 774b
, cf. D.22.55; ἐς τὰ ἄλλα Th.I.I;εἰς ἄπαντα S.Tr. 489
;ἐς τὰ πάνθ' ὁμῶς A.Pr. 736
;εἰς μὲν ταῦτα Pl.Ly. 210a
; τό γ' εἰς ἑαυτόν, τὸ εἰς ἐμέ, S.OT 706, E. IT 691, cf. S.Ichn.346; ;ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν Id.2.37
; for τελεῖν ἐς Ἕλληνας, Βοιωτούς, ἄνδρας, etc., v. τελέω.3 of Manner,ἐς τὸν νῦν τρόπον Id.1.6
;τίθεμεν τἆλλα εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον; Pl.R. 353d
;ἐς ἓν μέλος Theoc.18.7
: freq. periphr. for Advbs., ἐς κοινὸν φράζειν, λέγειν, A.Pr. 844, Eu. 408; ἐς τὸ πᾶν, = πάντως, Id.Ag. 682(lyr.); ἐς τάχος, = ταχέως, Ar.Ach. 686; ἐς εὐτέλειαν, = εὐτελῶς, Id.Av. 805;ἐς τἀρχαῖον Id.Nu. 593
;εἰς καλόν S. OT78
, cf. Pl.Phd. 76e;ἐς δέον γεγονέναι Hdt.1.119
, cf. S.OT 1416, and v. δέον.V ofan end or limit, ἔρχεσθαι, τελευτᾶν, λήγειν ἐς.., to end in.., Hdt.1.120,3.125,4.39, etc.;ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα ου,ρον ἀνθρώπῳ προτίθημι Id.1.32
; καταξαίνειν ἐς φοινικίδα to cut into red rags, Ar.Ach. 320 (troch.);στρέφειν τι εἰς αἷμα Apoc.11.6
; εἰς ἄνδρας ἐκ μειρακίων τελευτᾶν, εἰς ἄνδρα γενειᾶν, Pl.Tht. 173b, Theoc.14.28;ἐκτρέφειν τὸ σπέρμα εἰς καρπόν X.Oec.17.10
: so with εἶναι or γίγνομαι to form a predicate,ἔσται εἰς ἔθνη LXXGe.17.16
; ἐγενήθη εἰς γυναῖκα ib.20.12; πιστὸς (sc.ἦν) εἰς προφήτην ib.IKi.3.20;ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον Ev.Luc.13.19
,al.2 of Purpose or Object, εἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν, πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν, for good, for his good, Il.9.102,11.789;εἰς ἀγαθὰ μυθεῖσθαι 23.305
;ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι 8.376
, cf. Hdt.7.29, etc.; ἐς φόβον to cause fear, Il.15.310;ἐς ὑποδήματα δεδόσθαι Hdt.2.98
;κόσμος ὁ εἰς ἑορτάς X.Oec.9.6
;ἐπιτηδεότατος, εὐπρεπής, ἔς τι Hdt.1.115
,2.116; εἰς κάλλος ζῆν to live for show, X.Cyr.8.1.33, cf. Ages. 9.1;ἐς δαίτην ἐκάλεσσε Call.Aet.1.1.5
;εἰς κέρδος τι δρᾶν S.Ph.
III; ; ; εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι to be pertinent, to the purpose, D.36.54; freq. of expenditure on an object, IG22.102.11, 116.41, al.;ἐς τὸ δέον Ar.Nu. 859
, etc.; ἐς δᾷδα ib. 612.B POSITION: εἰς is sts. parted from its acc. by several words,εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην Il.8.115
; : seldom (only in Poets) put after its case, Il.15.59, Od.3.137,15.541, S.OC 126(lyr.): after an Adv.,αὔριον ἔς· τῆμος δὲ.. Od.7.318
. -
12 κεφαλή
κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+) gener. ‘head’.① the part of the body that contains the brain, headⓐ of humans, animals, and transcendent beings. Humans: Mt 5:36 (on swearing by the head s. Athen. 2, 72, 66c; Test12Patr; PGM 4, 1917; cp. Juvenal, Satires 6, 16f); 6:17; 14:8, 11; 26:7; 27:29f; Mk 6:24f, 27f; 14:3; 15:19; Lk 7:46; J 13:9; 19:2; 20:7; 1 Cor 11:4b (JMurphy-O’Connor, CBQ 42, ’80, 485 [lit.] ‘his head’=‘himself’), 5ab, 7, 10; 12:21; Rv 18:19 (cp. Josh 7:6; La 2:10); 1 Cl 37:5; 56:5 (Ps 140:5); B 13:5 (Gen 48:14); Hm 11:20; Papias (3:2 [not g and h]); GJs 2:4; 9:1; AcPl Ha 11, 1.—Animals: B 7:8 (of the scapegoat Lev 16; cp. vs. 21).—In apocal. presentations in connection w. human figures: Rv 1:14; 4:4; 9:7 12:1; 14:14; 19:12; w. animals: 9:7, 17, 19; 12:3 (s. δράκων); 13:1, 3; 17:3, 7, 9 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 50 K.=26 p. 517 D.: ὤφθη τὸ ἕδος [of Asclepius] τρεῖς κεφαλὰς ἔχον. A person sees himself in a dream provided with a plurality of heads Artem. 1, 35 p. 37, 14: δύο ἔχειν κεφαλὰς ἢ τρεῖς. Also the many-headed dog Cerberus of the underworld in Hesiod, Theog. 311 al. as well as Heraclit. Sto. 33 p. 49, 14); Hv 4, 1, 6; 10; of angels Rv 10:1.—The hair(s) of the head (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 223) Mt 10:30; Lk 7:38, 44 v.l.; 12:7; 21:18; Ac 27:34. τὴν κ. κλίνειν lay down the head to sleep Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58. Sim. J 19:30 (s. Hdb. ad loc.). κινεῖν τὴν κ. (s. κινέω 2a) Mt 27:39; Mk 15:29; 1 Cl 16:16 (Ps 21:8); ἐπαίρειν τὴν κ. (s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 21:28; shear the head, i.e. cut the hair as a form of a vow Ac 21:24; cp. 18:18. Of baptism ἔκχεον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν τρὶς ὕδωρ D 7:3. Of the anointing of Jesus’ head IEph 17:1. κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have (someth.) on the head (s. κατά A 1a) 1 Cor 11:4a; also w. specification of object ἐπὶ w. gen. Rv 14:14; Hv 4, 1, 10; or εἰς 4, 3, 1. ἐπάνω τῆς κ. above his head Mt 27:37. Also πρὸς τῇ κ. J 20:12. (ἀστὴρ) ἔστη ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3 (cp. Mt 2:9).—Well-known expr. fr. the OT: ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύειν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. τινος Ro 12:20 (s. ἄνθραξ). A curse-formula: τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν your blood be on your own heads (s. αἷμα 2a and cp. Demosth., Ep. 4, 10 τ. ἄδικον βλασφημίαν εἰς κεφαλὴν τῷ λέγοντι τρέπουσι; 6, 1; Maximus Tyr. 5, 1d; Aesop, Fab. 206 P.=372 H./313 Ch./222 H-H. ὸ̔ θέλεις σὺ τούτοις ἐπὶ τῇ σῇ κεφαλῇ γένοιτο; Phalaris, Ep. 102 εἰς κεφαλὴν σοί τε καὶ τῷ σῷ γένει)=you are responsible for your own destruction Ac 18:6; cp. GPt 5:17.ⓑ in imagery οὐκ ἔκλινας τὴν κ. σου ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖραν you have not bowed your head under the mighty hand (of God) GJs 15:4. Of pers. (Plut., Galba 1054 [4, 3] G. as κ. ἰσχυρῷ σώματι, namely of the Galatian territories) Christ the κ. of the ἐκκλησία thought of as a σῶμα Col 1:18; cp. 2:19 (Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 25 ἡ κεφαλὴ ὑπερέχει τοῦ παντὸς σώματος; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 215 ἡ κεφαλὴ συνέχει πᾶν τὸ σῶμα); Christ and Christians as head and members ITr 11:2. (SBedale, JTS 5, ’54, 211–15; New Docs 3, 45f [lit.]; not ‘source’: JFitzmyer, NTS 35, ’89, 503–11.) S. mng. 2a.② a being of high status, head, fig. (of Asclepius IG II2, 4514, 6; in gnostic speculation: Iren. 1, 5, 3 [Harv. I 45, 13]. ὁ μέγας ἄρχων, ἡ κ. τοῦ κόσμου Hippol., Ref. 7, 23, 3).ⓐ in the case of living beings, to denote superior rank (cp. Artem. 4, 24 p. 218, 8 ἡ κ. is the symbol of the father; Judg 11:11; 2 Km 22:44) head (Zosimus of Ashkelon [500 A.D.] hails Demosth. as his master: ὦ θεία κεφαλή [Biogr. p. 297]) of the father as head of the family Hs 7, 3; of the husband in relation to his wife 1 Cor 11:3b; Eph 5:23a. Of Christ in relation to the Christian community Eph 4:15; 5:23b. But Christ is the head not only of the body of Christians, but of the universe as a whole: κ. ὑπὲρ πάντα Eph 1:22, and of every cosmic power κ. πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας the head of all might and power Col 2:10. The divine influence on the world results in the series (for the growing distance from God with corresponding results cp. Ps.-Aristot. De Mundo 6, 4): God the κ. of Christ, Christ the κ. of man, the man the κ. of the woman 1 Cor 11:3cab (s. on γυνή 1). JFitzmyer, Int 47, ’93, 52–59.ⓑ of things the uppermost part, extremity, end, point (Pappus of Alex., mathematician [IV A.D.] in the 8th book [ed. CGerhardt 1871 p. 379 τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ κοχλίου=at the point of the screw; Judg 9:25; En 17:2; Jos., Bell. 2, 48, Ant. 3, 146; oft. pap of plots of ground) κ. γωνίας the cornerstone (so M‘Neile, Mt ad loc.; REB ( main) corner-stone, and w. proper omission of the alternative rendering at 1 Pt 2:7 in NEB mg.; the cornerstone thus forms the farthest extension [cp. PFlor 50, 83] of the corner, though JJeremias, Αγγελος I 1925, 65–70, ZNW 29, 1930, 264–80, TW IV 277–79 thinks of it as the capstone above the door; so also OMichel, TW IV 892, V 129 [difft. 151]; KSchelkle, RAC I 233f; RMcKelvey, NTS 8, ’62, 352–59 [lit. 353 n. 1–3]. S. HGressmann, PJ 6, 1910, 38–45; GWhitaker, Exp. 8th ser., 22, 1921, 470ff. For another view s. lit. s.v. ἀκρογωνιαῖος) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17 (on these three pass. s. JDerrett, TU 102, ’68, 180–86); Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (Selwyn ad loc.: “extremity and not height is the point connoted”); B 6:4 (all Ps 117:22).—κ.= capital (city) (Appian, Illyr. 19 §54) Ac 16:12 D (but ‘frontier city’ AClark, Acts of the Apostles ’33, 362–65 and JLarsen, CTM 17, ’46, 123–25).—B. 212. Schmidt, Syn. I 361–69. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
См. также в других словарях:
cut down on something — ˌcut sthˈdown (to…) | ˌcut ˈdown (on sth) derived to reduce the size, amount or number of sth • We need to cut the article down to 1 000 words. • The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. • I … Useful english dictionary
cut down to size — cut (someone/something) down to size to make someone or something less important or detailed. When he started the job he thought he knew everything, but we soon cut him down to size. Sometimes we have to cut our grand dreams down to size … New idioms dictionary
cut down on — cut back, reduce something, use less of something (e.g.: I have been eating too many sweets, I decided to cut down on them ) … English contemporary dictionary
cut down — verb 1. cut down on; make a reduction in (Freq. 8) reduce your daily fat intake The employer wants to cut back health benefits • Syn: ↑reduce, ↑cut back, ↑trim, ↑trim down, ↑ … Useful english dictionary
cut down on — /ˌkʌt daυn ɒn/ verb to reduce suddenly the amount of something used ● The government is cutting down on welfare expenditure. ● The office is trying to cut down on electricity consumption. ● We have installed networked computers to cut down on… … Dictionary of banking and finance
To cut down — Cut Cut (k[u^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cut}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cutting}.] [OE. cutten, kitten, ketten; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. cwtau to shorten, curtail, dock, cwta bobtailed, cwt tail, skirt, Gael. cutaich to shorten, curtail, dock, cutach … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
To cut down — Down Down, adv. [For older adown, AS. ad[=u]n, ad[=u]ne, prop., from or off the hill. See 3d {Down}, and cf. {Adown}, and cf. {Adown}.] 1. In the direction of gravity or toward the center of the earth; toward or in a lower place or position;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
when the last tree is cut down, the last fish eaten, and the last stream poisoned, you will realize that you cannot eat money — Native American saying. 1983 H. WASSERMAN America Born and Reborn 277 ‘When you have polluted the last river,’ goes an Osage saying, ‘when you have caught the very last fish, and when you have cut down the very last tree, it is too bad that then … Proverbs new dictionary
Cut — (k[u^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cut}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cutting}.] [OE. cutten, kitten, ketten; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. cwtau to shorten, curtail, dock, cwta bobtailed, cwt tail, skirt, Gael. cutaich to shorten, curtail, dock, cutach short,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cut — (k[u^]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cut}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cutting}.] [OE. cutten, kitten, ketten; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. cwtau to shorten, curtail, dock, cwta bobtailed, cwt tail, skirt, Gael. cutaich to shorten, curtail, dock, cutach short,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Down — Down, adv. [For older adown, AS. ad[=u]n, ad[=u]ne, prop., from or off the hill. See 3d {Down}, and cf. {Adown}, and cf. {Adown}.] 1. In the direction of gravity or toward the center of the earth; toward or in a lower place or position; below;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English